¢º History of Hapkido

It should be first understood that a Martial Art
is not invented or created by any one person. Techniques are developed
by many over a great number of years. Just as wrestling, boxing,
and fencing are unique to the western world, Martial Arts have been
developed through a long history of Asian countries.
During the Three Kingdom Era (SAM-KUK-SHI-DAE) (from 57 B.C. to 688 A.D) Three Kingdoms
competed on the Korean peninsula: KO-GU-RYO (37 B.C.) in the north,
PAEK-JAB (18 B.C.) in the southwest, and SHILLA (57 B.C.) in the
southeast. Martial Arts techniques much like those of modern day
Hap Ki Do were introduced to ancient Korea with the introduction
of Buddhism in KO-GU-RYO approximately 372 AD. Evidence can be found
in many of the ancient wall and cave paintings and sculptures from
that period of time.
During the SHILLA (57 B.C. to 660 AD) and the United SHILLA Kingdom (676 AD to 935 AD) each
kingdom gathered about them an elite group of young knights, the
HWA-RANG (Flowering Youth) Warriors, who were highly disciplined,
adhered to a strict code of ethics and were extremely proficient
in the martial arts. These warriors, who were to train the future
national leaders, were taught Hap Ki Do techniques for their physical
fitness, mental discipline and self-defense.
The SHILLA kingdom was overturned in 935 AD by the Dynasty of KO-RYO, from
which then name "Korea" was derived. During the KO-RYO
Dynasty (918 AD -1392 AD) Buddhism was the state religion and greatly
influenced politics and administrations as well as martial arts.
Many kings including king EYI-JONG, and king CHOONG-HEI, brought
Hap Ki Do experts into the palace to perform demonstrations of the
martial arts. This is the beginning of Hap Ki Do as a royal martial
art.
In the history of Hap Ki Do, a monk Grandmaster SU-SAN taught Hap Ki Do to the monks who were successful in
repelling the Japanese invaders during the IN-JIN-WAE-RAN invasion.
This was a prime example of Hap Ki Do applied on a grand scale.

In the new CHO-SON dynasty (1392-1910) or YI dynasty as it is often called, the collapse of
Buddhism came about and its subsequent replacement by Confucianism...
which respects scholarly disciplines and looks down upon physical
force or martial arts, brought about the down fall of martial arts.
Painting, sculpting, and writing replaced the art of fighting. The
country progressively took on an anti-militaristic temperament.
By the end of the nineteenth century, martial arts had come to be
looked down upon by the Korean citizen, if not completely banned
in many regions.
Hap Ki Do barely maintained its continuation through individual
masters, Buddhist monks and royal families practicing the arts in
seclusion. In an attempt to prevent the complete loss of the fighting
arts, king JUNG-JO ordered his general LEE-DUK-MOO to compile a
book of all the known martial techniques. The book known as MOO-YAE-DO-BO-TONG-JI
has many detailed examples of Hap Ki Do techniques recorded within
its pages.
The CHO-SON dynasty was brought down by the Japanese in 1910. From 1910 to
1945 the Japanese ruled Korea. Under Japanese rule, all civil liberties
were revoked. The Japanese closed many private schools and established
their own public schools designed to assimilate Korean youth into
the Japanese culture, omitting Korean language and history and stressing
Japan's instead. The martial arts again suffered since the occupying
Japanese would not even allow Korean sports, let alone Korean martial
arts to be practiced. But as before those dedicated few continued
to practice, quietly defying there invading rulers.

In 1945 after Korea regained control of their country, the martial
arts once again gained popularity in this defense hungry nation.
Hap Ki Do was re-introduced by the man given the title of founder
or father of modern day Hap Ki Do, CHOI, YONG-SOOL. Before his death
in 1987 Supreme Grandmaster CHOI taught all the Hap Ki Do techniques
to a few outstanding students, who in turn took on the task of popularizing
Hap Ki Do in modern Korea. Today, one cannot find a single city
in Korea without Hap Ki Do schools. All the government organizations,
all the military academies and special military units have Hap Ki
Do instructors and practitioners totaling over one million already.
Among foreign countries such as USA, Germany, Canada,
Spain, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, China, and France, there is a
solid foundation of Hap Ki Do schools that is continuing through
the unending dedication of the Hap Ki Do Masters throughout the
world.

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